What is the medical specialty focused on diseases affecting the reproductive organs in women?

Gynecology is the medical specialty dedicated to diagnosing and treating conditions and diseases related to the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, and vagina. Healthcare professionals in this field, known as gynecologists, address a range of health issues, from menstrual disorders and fertility problems to sexually transmitted infections and reproductive cancers. The scope of gynecology encompasses both the preventive aspects of women's health, such as routine check-ups and screenings, as well as the treatment of specific conditions and complications.

The other specialties listed, while essential in their own right, focus on different areas of health care. Urology deals with disorders of the urinary system and male reproductive organs, pediatrics focuses on the health of children from infancy through adolescence, and obstetrics centers around pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Thus, gynecology specifically targets the health issues concerning women's reproductive organs, making it the correct answer.