What is the name of the financial form that includes charges, amounts paid, and balance due?

The term that best describes a financial form including charges, amounts paid, and the balance due is a billing statement. A billing statement provides a detailed account of all transactions for an individual or entity, summarizing what has been billed, any payments that have been made, and what remains outstanding. This document serves as a crucial tool for both the service provider and the customer, ensuring clarity regarding what services were rendered and the status of payments.

In contrast, while options like the invoice or payment summary might also contain some of this information, they serve different primary functions. An invoice typically details charges due for specific services rendered but may not summarize previous payments or outstanding balances. Similarly, a payment summary focuses on the payments made rather than providing a comprehensive overview of amounts charged and due. Thus, a billing statement stands out as the most accurate term for the documentation described in the question.