What legal right allows individuals to make decisions regarding life-sustaining medical treatment?

The legal right that specifically allows individuals to make decisions regarding life-sustaining medical treatment is best represented by the term "Advance Directive." An advance directive is a legal document that outlines a person's preferences concerning medical care, particularly in situations where they may be unable to communicate their wishes. This document allows individuals to specify their desires regarding treatment options, including whether or not to receive life-sustaining measures.

Patient autonomy is indeed an essential concept in healthcare, emphasizing a patient's right to make informed decisions about their own medical care, but it does not directly refer to legal documentation. The right to die may relate to discussions surrounding end-of-life care, but it does not encapsulate the full spectrum of decision-making opportunities that an advance directive covers. The right to choose is a broader concept and is not confined to medical treatment decisions. Therefore, advance directive accurately describes the legal mechanism by which individuals can dictate their preferences regarding life-sustaining treatments.