What term refers to the process of conception where the ovum is impregnated by the sperm?

Fertilization is the process in which a sperm cell successfully penetrates and fertilizes an egg, resulting in the conception of an embryo. This process is the critical initial step in reproduction, leading to the development of a zygote, which eventually can grow into a fetus during pregnancy. Understanding fertilization is essential as it marks the beginning of new life and is distinctly focused on the union of sperm and ovum.

Gestation refers to the period of development of the embryo and fetus inside the womb, beginning after fertilization has occurred. Implantation is the subsequent stage following fertilization, where the fertilized egg attaches itself to the uterine lining. Ovulation is the phase in the menstrual cycle when an ovary releases an egg and does not pertain to the actual process of conception. Thus, fertilization is the appropriate term for the action of the sperm fertilizing the ovum.