Which professional specialization focuses on diagnosing and treating nervous system disorders?

The specialization that focuses on diagnosing and treating disorders of the nervous system is neurology. Neurologists are medical doctors who specialize in the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. This includes a wide range of disorders such as epilepsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and headaches, among others.

Neurology is distinct from other specializations, as it specifically deals with physical aspects of neurological disorders, using various diagnostic tools like MRI scans, EEGs, and nerve conduction studies to understand these conditions. In contrast, psychiatry focuses on mental health issues, cardiology is centered on heart and vascular conditions, and ophthalmology deals with eye-related diseases. Thus, neurology is the field dedicated to understanding and intervening in diseases of the nervous system.